In the realm of software development, every programmer is expected to adhere to certain coding standards. The code they write should be flexible, reusable, maintainable, and stable. This is where the SOLID principles come into play.
These principles, introduced by Robert C. Martin, serve as an acronym for five key guidelines that every programmer should follow. The abbreviation of SOLID stands for Single Responsibility Principle, Open-Closed Principle, Liskov's Substitution Principle, Interface Segregation Principle, and Dependency Inversion Principle.
Single Responsibility Principle :
This principle indeed emphasizes that every class should have a single functionality or role. This not only enhances the readability of your code but also makes it more flexible.
If you ever need to incorporate an additional feature into your code, remember not to add it into an existing class. Instead, create a new class for that feature. This approach keeps your code organized and easier to manage.
Open & Closed Principle:
This principle, often referred to as the "Open-Closed Principle", is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming. It encourages us to extend existing code for adding new features, without modifying the original code. This way, we can add or change behavior without risking breaking the existing functionalities.
Liskov's Substitution Principle:
This principle indeed states that objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of a subclass without affecting the correctness of the program.
For instance, if a subclass has a method that exists in the superclass, and these methods yield different outputs, then this violates the LSP. To avoid such violation, we utilize interfaces.
Interface Segregation Principle:
Adhering to the principle that a class should not implement an interface it does not use, indeed makes the code more maintainable. It's like using a template for your code structure, ensuring it's clean and efficient.
When we violate these rules, it can lead to unnecessary complexity. So, it's always better option for smaller interfaces rather than taking on larger ones.
Dependency Inversion Principle:
It states that high-level modules should not be dependent on low-level modules. Instead, both should rely on abstractions because to achieve the loosely coupling .
for example, Take a webpage for instance. The data of the webpage is stored in a database. However, the UI part is not dependent on the database. This means that if we make any changes in the database, we don't necessarily have to change the UI. This is where violations can occur. But by using abstraction, we can avoid these violations and achieve loose coupling.